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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Antimony - Sb

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Antimony is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Antimony. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Antimony Menu

• Antimony Page One
  • Overview of Antimony
  • Antimony's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Antimony
  • Chemical Properties of Antimony
  • Physical Properties of Antimony
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Antimony Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Antimony Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Antimony

Overview of Antimony

• Atomic Number: 51
• Group: 15
• Period: 5
• Series: Metalloids (Metals)

Antimony's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Stibium
• Czech: Antimon
• Croatian: Antimon
• French: Antimoine
• German: Antimon - r
• Italian: Antimonio
• Norwegian: Antimon
• Portuguese: Actimônio
• Russian: Суръма
• Spanish: Antimonio
• Swedish: Antimon

Atomic Structure of Antimony

• Atomic Radius: 1.53Å
• Atomic Volume: 18.23cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.41Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) σ_a/barns: 4.91
• Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s²p³

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18,5

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.76Å
• Filling Orbital: 5p³
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 51
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 71
• Number of Protons: 51
• Oxidation States: ±3,5
• Valence Electrons: 5s²p³

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Antimony

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.5142g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.55eV
• Electronegativity: 2.05 (Pauling); 1.82 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 19.87kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Strong oxidizers, acids, halogenated acids

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 8.641
  • Second: 16.53
  • Third: 25.3
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 57

Physical Properties of Antimony

• Atomic Mass Average: 121.757
• Boiling Point: 1860K 1587°C 2889°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 8.5E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.0288 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 0.243 W/cmK

• Density: 6.684g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Hard brittle bluish-white metal.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 42/GPa
  • Rigidity: 20.7/GPa
  • Youngs: 54.7/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 263.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 19.87 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 67.9 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 294 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 3
• Heat of Vaporization: 77.14kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 904.05K 630.9°C 1167.6°F
• Molar Volume: 18.22 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 55%
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.21J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 2.49E-09Pa@630.9°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-36-0 inorganic compounds, n.o.s.
• UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
  • 1549  / 157 inorganic compounds, n.o.s.
  • 2871  / 170 powder
  • 3141  / 157 inorganic liquid compouns, n.o.s.
• RTECS: CC4025000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • TWA: 0.5 mg/m³
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 0.5 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 0.5 mg/m³
  • IDLH: 50 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
• Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.0033
  • Bone/p.p.m: 0.01-0.6
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.011-0.42
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.042-0.191
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.002-1.3 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 2 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Known to ancient civilization
• Discovery Location: ?
• Discovery Year: Unknown
• Name Origin:

  Greek: anti (not) monos (alone); Symbol for Latin stibium

• Abundance of Antimony:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.2
  • Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.0003
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 10
• Sources of Antimony:

  Found in stibnite (Sb₂S₃) and in valentinite (Sb₂O₃). World wide production is around 53,000 tons per year. Primary mining areas are China, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and France.

• Uses of Antimony:

  Used to harden lead alloy's. Also used in solder, bearings, lead batteries, mascara, infrared detectors, plastics and chemicals.

• Additional Notes:

  Antimony used to be used to provoke vomiting, but the medical dose was too close to the fatal dose. Small does stimulate metabolism, but large doses cause liver damage and can kill.

Antimony Menu

• Antimony Page One
  • Overview of Antimony
  • Antimony's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Antimony
  • Chemical Properties of Antimony
  • Physical Properties of Antimony
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Antimony Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Antimony Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Antimony

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
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• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Antimony - Sb. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2024. Accessed on-line: 4/19/2024
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Sb.html
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