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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Silver – Ag

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Silver is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Silver. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Silver Menu

• Silver Page One
  • Overview of Silver
  • Silver's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Silver
  • Chemical Properties of Silver
  • Physical Properties of Silver
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Silver Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Silver Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Silver

Overview of Silver

• Atomic Number:47
• Group: 11
• Period: 5
• Series: Transition Metals

Silver's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Argentum
• Czech: Stíbro
• Croatian: Srebro
• French: Argent
• German: Silber - s
• Italian: Argento
• Norwegian: Sølv
• Portuguese: Prata
• Russian:
• Spanish: Plata
• Swedish: Silver

Atomic Structure of Silver

• Atomic Radius: 1.75Å
• Atomic Volume: 10.3cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.34Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)_a/barns: 63.6
• Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s¹

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18,1

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 1.26Å
• Filling Orbital: 4d¹⁰
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 47
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 61
• Number of Protons: 47
• Oxidation States: 1
• Valence Electrons: 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

Chemical Properties of Silver

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 4.0246g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.26eV
• Electronegativity: 1.93 (Pauling); 1.42 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 11.3kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Acetylene, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, bromoazide, chlorine trifluoride, ethyleneimine, oxalic acid, tartaric acid

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 7.576
  • Second: 21.49
  • Third: 34.83
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 11.4

Physical Properties of Silver

• Atomic Mass Average: 107.8682
• Boiling Point: 2436K 2163°C 3925°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 19.2E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.63 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 4.29 W/cmK

• Density: 10.5g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Very soft and malleable silver metal. Appearance and odor vary depending upon specific compound.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 103.6/GPa
  • Rigidity: 30.3/GPa
  • Youngs: 82.7/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 284.5 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 11.3 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 255.1 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 24.5 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 2.5
  • Vickers: 251 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 250.58kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1234K 961°C 1762°F
  
• Molar Volume: 10.27 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 97%
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.235J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 0.342Pa@961°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-22-4
• RTECS: VW3500000
• NFPA 704
  • Health: 1
  • Fire: 2
  • Reactivity:
  • Special Hazard:
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • TWA: 0.01 mg/m³
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 0.01 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 0.01 mg/m³
  • IDLH: 10 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Nasal septum, skin, eyes
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: <0.003
  • Bone/p.p.m: 0.01-0.44
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.005-0.25
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.009-0.28
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.0014-0.08 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 2 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Known to ancient civilization
• Discovery Location: Unknown
• Discovery Year: Unknown
• Name Origin:

  Latin argentum (silver). Silver from Anglo-Saxon seolfor for silver.

• Abundance of Silver:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.07
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: N/A
    • Atlantic Deep: N/A
    • Pacific Surface: 0.0000001
    • Pacific Deep: 0.0000024
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 7.1
• Sources of Silver:

  Found in ores called argentite (AgS), light ruby silver (Ag₃ AsS₃), dark ruby silver (Ag₃SbS₃) and brittle silver. Silver is often obtained as a by-product of refining other metals like copper and gold. World wide production is around 9950 tons per year. Primary mining areas are Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, Canada, USA.

• Uses of Silver:

  Used in alloys for jewelry, in many compounds, photographic film and paper electronics, mirrors and batteries.

• Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Notes below

Silver Menu

• Silver Page One
  • Overview of Silver
  • Silver's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Silver
  • Chemical Properties of Silver
  • Physical Properties of Silver
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Silver Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Silver Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Silver

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
  Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
• Molarity, Molality and Normality
  Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Silver – Ag. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2008. Accessed on-line: 5/9/2008
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ag.html
.