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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Bismuth - Bi

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Bismuth is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Bismuth. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Bismuth Menu

• Bismuth Page One
  • Overview of Bismuth
  • Bismuth's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Bismuth
  • Chemical Properties of Bismuth
  • Physical Properties of Bismuth
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Bismuth Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Bismuth Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Bismuth

Overview of Bismuth

• Atomic Number: 83
• Group: 15
• Period: 6
• Series: Metals

Bismuth's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Bismuthum
• Czech: Bismut
• Croatian: Bizmut
• French: Bismuth
• German: Wismut - r
• Italian: Bismuto
• Norwegian: Vismut
• Portuguese: Bismuto
• Russian: Висмут
• Spanish: Bismuto
• Swedish: Vismut

Atomic Structure of Bismuth

• Atomic Radius: 1.63Å
• Atomic Volume: 21.3cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.46Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σ_a/barns: 0.034
• Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰f¹⁴ 5s²p⁶d¹⁰ 6s²p³

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,18,5

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 1.03Å
• Filling Orbital: 6p³
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 83
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 126
• Number of Protons: 83
• Oxidation States: 3,5
• Valence Electrons: 6s²p³

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Bismuth

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 2.599g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.22eV
• Electronegativity: 2.02 (Pauling); 1.67 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 11.3kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 7.289
  • Second: 16.687
  • Third: 25.559
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 41.9

Physical Properties of Bismuth

• Atomic Mass Average: 208.9804
• Boiling Point: 1837K 1564°C 2847°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 13.4E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.00867 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 0.0787 W/cmK

• Density: 9.75g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Brittle white metal with a pink tint.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 31/GPa
  • Rigidity: 12/GPa
  • Youngs: 32/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 207.1 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 10.9 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 151 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 94.2 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 2.25
• Heat of Vaporization: 104.8kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 544.67K 271.52°C 520.74°F
• Molar Volume: 21.37 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.12J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 0.000627Pa@271.52°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-69-9
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.016
  • Bone/p.p.m: < 0.2
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.015-0.33
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.032
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.005-0.02 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: <0.5 mg
• Discovery Year: Unknown
• Name Origin:

  German: wissmuth (white mass).

• Abundance of Bismuth:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.048
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 5.1E-08
    • Atlantic Deep: N/A
    • Pacific Surface: 4E-08
    • Pacific Deep: 4E-09
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): N/A
• Sources of Bismuth:

  It can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2O₃) and in bismuth ochre (Bi₂O₃). Total annual world production: 3,000 tons. Main mining areas are Bolivia, Peru, Japan, Mexico, Canada, Australia.

• Uses of Bismuth:

  Main use is in pharmaceuticals, low melting point alloys, fuses, sprinklers, glass, ceramics and as a catalyst in rubber production.

• Additional Notes:

Bismuth Menu

• Bismuth Page One
  • Overview of Bismuth
  • Bismuth's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Bismuth
  • Chemical Properties of Bismuth
  • Physical Properties of Bismuth
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Bismuth Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Bismuth Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Bismuth

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molarity, Molality and Normality
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

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Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Bismuth - Bi. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2024. Accessed on-line: 12/21/2024
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Bi.html
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