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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Holmium – Ho

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Holmium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Holmium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Holmium Menu

• Holmium Page One
  • Overview of Holmium
  • Holmium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Holmium
  • Chemical Properties of Holmium
  • Physical Properties of Holmium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Holmium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

Overview of Holmium

Holmium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Holmium
• Czech: Holmium
• Croatian: Holmij
• French: Holmium
• German: Holmium - s
• Italian: Olmio
• Norwegian: Holmium
• Portuguese: Hólmio
• Russian:
• Spanish: Hólmio
• Swedish: Holmium

Atomic Structure of Holmium

• Atomic Radius: 2.47Å
• Atomic Volume: 18.7cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.58Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 65
• Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰f¹¹ 5s²p⁶ 6s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,29,8,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.901Å
• Filling Orbital: 4f¹¹
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 67
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 98
• Number of Protons: 67
• Oxidation States: 3
• Valence Electrons: 4f¹¹ 6s²

Chemical Properties of Holmium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 2.0512g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function:
• Electronegativity: 1.23 (Pauling); 1.1 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 12.2kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 6.018
  • Second: 11.805
  • Third: 22.843
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 47.9

Physical Properties of Holmium

• Atomic Mass Average: 164.9303
• Boiling Point: 2968K 2695°C 4883°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 9.5E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.0124 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.162 W/cmK

• Density: 8.8g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Silver colored rare earth metal, which is slowly attacked by oxygen and water.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 40.2/GPa
  • Rigidity: 26.3/GPa
  • Youngs: 64.8/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 301 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 11.76 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 241 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 746 MN m^-2
  • Vickers: 481 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 241kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1743K 1470°C 2678°F
  
• Molar Volume: 18.74 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.16J/gK

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-60-0
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: n/a
  • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
  • Liver/p.p.m: n/a
  • Muscle/p.p.m: n/a
  • Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: n/a
• Discovery Year: 1878
• Name Origin:

  From Holmia Greek name for Sweden.

• Abundance of Holmium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 1.4
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 2.4E-07
    • Atlantic Deep: 2.9E-07
    • Pacific Surface: 1.6E-07
    • Pacific Deep: 1.6E-07
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): N/A
• Sources of Holmium:

  Chief ores are monazite and bastnasite. Annual world production is around 10 tons. Primary mining areas are USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia and China.

• Uses of Holmium:

  As control-rods for nuclear reactors because it readily absorbs neutrons. Also used as a flux concentrator for high magnetic fields.

• Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Holmium Menu

• Holmium Page One
  • Overview of Holmium
  • Holmium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Holmium
  • Chemical Properties of Holmium
  • Physical Properties of Holmium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Holmium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

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Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Holmium – Ho. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2009. Accessed on-line: 11/20/2009
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ho.html
.