• Skip to page content
• Skip to ad free user log in
• Skip to site menu on this page

Periodic Table of Elements

Element Iodine – I

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Iodine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Iodine. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Iodine Menu

• Iodine Page One
  • Overview of Iodine
  • Iodine's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Iodine
  • Chemical Properties of Iodine
  • Physical Properties of Iodine
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Iodine Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Iodine Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Iodine

Overview of Iodine

• Atomic Number:53
• Group: 17
• Period: 5
• Series: Halogens

Iodine's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Iodum
• Czech: Jod
• Croatian: Jod
• French: Iode
• German: Jod - r
• Italian: Iodio
• Norwegian: Jod
• Portuguese: Iôdo
• Russian:
• Spanish: Yodo
• Swedish: Jod

Atomic Structure of Iodine

• Atomic Radius: 1.32Å
• Atomic Volume: 25.74cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.33Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 6.2
• Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s²p⁵

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18,7

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 2.2Å
• Filling Orbital: 5p⁵
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 53
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 74
• Number of Protons: 53
• Oxidation States: ±1,5,7
• Valence Electrons: 5s²p⁵

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Iodine

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 4.7348g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function:
• Electronegativity: 2.66 (Pauling); 2.21 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 7.824kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Ammonia, acetylene, acetaldehyde, powdered aluminum, active metals, liquid chlorine

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 10.451
  • Second: 19.131
  • Third: 33
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): -6.55

Physical Properties of Iodine

• Atomic Mass Average: 126.9045
• Boiling Point: 458.55K 185.4°C 365.7°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: N/A
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 8.0E^-16 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.00449 W/cmK

• Density: 4.93g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Halogen solid form: shiny, non-metallic, grayish-black flakes; gas: violet.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 7.7/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 106.7 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 7.76 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 20.88 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Heat of Vaporization: 20.752kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 386.65K 113.5°C 236.3°F
  
• Molar Volume: 25.74 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.214J/gK

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7553-56-2
• RTECS: NN1575000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • 1 ppm = 10.38mg/m³ @ 25°C & 1 atm
  • Ceiling: 0.1 ppm
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • Ceiling: 0.1 ppm
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • Ceiling: 0.1 ppm
  • IDLH: 2 ppm
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.057
  • Bone/p.p.m: 0.27
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.7
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.05-0.5
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.1-0.2 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 12-20 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Bernard Courtois
• Discovery Location: Dijon France
• Discovery Year: 1811
• Name Origin:

  Greek: iôdes (violet).

• Abundance of Iodine:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.14
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 0.0489
    • Atlantic Deep: 0.056
    • Pacific Surface: 0.043
    • Pacific Deep: 0.058
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): N/A
• Sources of Iodine:

  Occurs on land and in the sea in sodium and potassium compounds. World production of iodine is around 12,000 tons. Primary producing areas are Chile and Japan.

• Uses of Iodine:

  Required in small amounts by humans. Once used as an antiseptic, but no longer due to its poisonous nature. Used as a disinfectant, in pharmaceuticals, dyes, catalysts and photography.

• Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Iodine Menu

• Iodine Page One
  • Overview of Iodine
  • Iodine's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Iodine
  • Chemical Properties of Iodine
  • Physical Properties of Iodine
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Iodine Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Iodine Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Iodine

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
  Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
• Molarity, Molality and Normality
  Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Iodine – I. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2009. Accessed on-line: 11/20/2009
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/I.html
.