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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Indium – In

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Indium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Indium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Indium Menu

• Indium Page One
  • Overview of Indium
  • Indium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Indium
  • Chemical Properties of Indium
  • Physical Properties of Indium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Indium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Indium Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Indium

Overview of Indium

• Atomic Number:49
• Group: 13
• Period: 5
• Series: Metals

Indium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Indium
• Czech: Indium
• Croatian: Indij
• French: Indium
• German: Indium - s
• Italian: Indio
• Norwegian: Indium
• Portuguese: índio
• Russian:
• Spanish: Indio
• Swedish: Indium

Atomic Structure of Indium

• Atomic Radius: 2Å
• Atomic Volume: 15.7cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.44Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 194
• Crystal Structure: Tetragonal

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s²p¹

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18,3

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.8Å
• Filling Orbital: 5p¹
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 49
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 66
• Number of Protons: 49
• Oxidation States: 3
• Valence Electrons: 5s²p¹

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Indium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.428g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.12eV
• Electronegativity: 1.78 (Pauling); 1.49 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 3.263kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  (Dinitrogen tetraoxide + acetonitrile), mercury(II) bromide (at 662 deg F), sulfur (mixtures ignite when heated)

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 5.786
  • Second: 18.869
  • Third: 28.03
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 54

Physical Properties of Indium

• Atomic Mass Average: 114.818
• Boiling Point: 2346K 2073°C 3763°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 33E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.116 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.816 W/cmK

• Density: 7.31g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Rare silver-white metal with one of the longest liquid range of all the elements.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Rigidity: 3.68/GPa
  • Youngs: 10.6/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 242.7 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 3.28 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 226.4 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 8.83 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 1.2
• Heat of Vaporization: 231.5kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 429.91K 156.76°C 314.17°F
  
• Molar Volume: 15.73 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.23J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 1.42E+17Pa@156.76°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-74-6
• RTECS: NL1050000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 0.1 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 0.1 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, heart, blood
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: n/a
  • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
  • Liver/p.p.m: n/a
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.015
  • Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 0.4 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Ferdinand Reich, Hieronymous Richter
• Discovery Location: Freiberg Germany
• Discovery Year: 1863
• Name Origin:

  From the indigo blue it shows in a spectroscope.

• Abundance of Indium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.049
  • Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.0000001
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 44.7
• Sources of Indium:

  Found in certain zinc ores and is primarily produced as a by-product of zinc and lead smelting. Around 75 tons are produced each year world wide.

• Uses of Indium:

  Used to coat high speed bearings, in solar cells, mirrors, regulators in nuclear power, photo cells, transistors and blood & lung research. Also used in low-melting point alloys for safety devices.

• Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Indium Menu

• Indium Page One
  • Overview of Indium
  • Indium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Indium
  • Chemical Properties of Indium
  • Physical Properties of Indium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Indium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Indium Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Indium

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molarity, Molality and Normality
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Indium – In. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2009. Accessed on-line: 11/20/2009
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/In.html
.