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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Palladium – Pd

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Palladium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Palladium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Palladium Menu

• Palladium Page One
  • Overview of Palladium
  • Palladium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Palladium
  • Chemical Properties of Palladium
  • Physical Properties of Palladium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Palladium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

Overview of Palladium

• Atomic Number:46
• Group: 10
• Period: 5
• Series: Transition Metals

Palladium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Palladium
• Czech: Palladium
• Croatian: Paladij
• French: Palladium
• German: Palladium - s
• Italian: Palladio
• Norwegian: Palladium
• Portuguese: Paládio
• Russian:
• Spanish: Paladio
• Swedish: Palladium

Atomic Structure of Palladium

• Atomic Radius: 1.79Å
• Atomic Volume: 8.9cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.28Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 6.9
• Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.86Å
• Filling Orbital: 4d¹⁰
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 46
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 60
• Number of Protons: 46
• Oxidation States: 2,4
• Valence Electrons: 4d¹⁰

Chemical Properties of Palladium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.985g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 5.12eV
• Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling); 1.35 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 17.6kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 8.34
  • Second: 19.63
  • Third: 32.93
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 33

Physical Properties of Palladium

• Atomic Mass Average: 106.42
• Boiling Point: 3237K 2964°C 5367°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 11.2E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.095 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.718 W/cmK

• Density: 12.02g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Soft silver-white metal that does not tarnish in air. It is attacked by concentrated, hot nitric acid and boiling sulfuric acid.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 187/GPa
  • Rigidity: 43.6/GPa
  • Youngs: 121/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 393.3 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 16.74 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 376.6 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 37.3 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 4.75
  • Vickers: 461 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 357kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1825K 1552°C 2826°F
  
• Molar Volume: 8.85 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 72%
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.24J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 1.33Pa@1552°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-05-3
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: n/a
  • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
  • Liver/p.p.m: n/a
  • Muscle/p.p.m: n/a
  • Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: n/a
• Discovery Year: 1803
• Name Origin:

  Greek: Pallas goddess of wisdom and after the asteroid.

• Abundance of Palladium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.0006
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: N/A
    • Atlantic Deep: N/A
    • Pacific Surface: 1.9E-08
    • Pacific Deep: 6.8E-08
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 32
• Sources of Palladium:

  Obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores. Produced primarily as a by-product of copper and zinc refining. Annual world wide production is around 24 tons.

• Uses of Palladium:

  Used in alloys for telecommunication equipment switching systems and electrical relays, catalyst for reforming cracked petroleum fractions, metallizing ceramics, mixed with gold to make "white gold" for jewelry, aircraft sparkplugs, etc.

• Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Notes below

Palladium Menu

• Palladium Page One
  • Overview of Palladium
  • Palladium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Palladium
  • Chemical Properties of Palladium
  • Physical Properties of Palladium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Palladium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Palladium – Pd. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2008. Accessed on-line: 5/14/2008
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Pd.html
.