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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Tungsten – W

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Tungsten is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Tungsten. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Tungsten Menu

• Tungsten Page One
  • Overview of Tungsten
  • Tungsten's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Tungsten
  • Chemical Properties of Tungsten
  • Physical Properties of Tungsten
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Tungsten Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Tungsten Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Tungsten

Overview of Tungsten

• Atomic Number:74
• Group: 6
• Period: 6
• Series: Transition Metals

Tungsten's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Wolframium
• Czech: Wolfram
• Croatian: Volfram
• French: Tungsténe
• German: Wolfram - r
• Italian: Wolframio
• Norwegian: Wolfram
• Portuguese: Tungstênio
• Russian:
• Spanish: Wolframio
• Swedish: Volfram

Atomic Structure of Tungsten

• Atomic Radius: 2.02Å
• Atomic Volume: 9.53cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.3Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 18.3
• Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰f¹⁴ 5s²p⁶d⁴ 6s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,12,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.62Å
• Filling Orbital: 5d⁴
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 74
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 110
• Number of Protons: 74
• Oxidation States: 6,5,4,3,2
• Valence Electrons: 5d⁴ 6s²

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Tungsten

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.1432g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.55eV
• Electronegativity: 2.36 (Pauling); 1.4 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 35.4kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Bromine trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, fluorine, iodine pentafluoride

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 7.98
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 140

Physical Properties of Tungsten

• Atomic Mass Average: 183.85
• Boiling Point: 5928K 5655°C 10211°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 4.59E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.189 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 1.74 W/cmK

• Density: 19.35g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Hard, silver-white metal that is generally obtained as a dull grey powder that is hard to melt.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 311/GPa
  • Rigidity: 160.5/GPa
  • Youngs: 411/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 837 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 35.23 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 799.1 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Combustible
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 2570 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 7.5
  • Vickers: 3430 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 824kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 3680K 3407°C 6165°F
  
• Molar Volume: 9.5 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 62%
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.13J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 4.27Pa@3407°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-33-7
• RTECS: Y07175000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 5 mg/m³
  • STEL: 10 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 5 mg/m³
  • STEL: 10 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.001
  • Bone/p.p.m: 0.00025
  • Liver/p.p.m: n/a
  • Muscle/p.p.m: n/a
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.001-0.015 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 0.02 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Fausto and Juan José de Elhuijar
• Discovery Location: Vergara Spain
• Discovery Year: 1783
• Name Origin:

  Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): W symbol from its German name wolfram which is named after wolframite.

• Abundance of Tungsten:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 160.6
  • Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.000092
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: 411
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 0.28
• Sources of Tungsten:

  Occurs in the minerals scheelite (CaWO₄) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO₄]. Annual world wide production is around 45,100 tons. Primary mining areas are China, Malaysia, Burma, bolivia, canada, Australia, Japan and USA.

• Uses of Tungsten:

  Used widely in the electronics industry. Made into filaments for vacuum tubes and electric lights. Also used in contact points in cars, welding electrodes, rocket nozzles and cutting tools. Combined with calcium or magnesium it makes phosphors.

• Additional Notes:

  Some sources give the German chemist Karl Wilhelm Scheele as the first to isolate the metal in 1880, but most sources credit the Elhuijar brothers.

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Notes below

Tungsten Menu

• Tungsten Page One
  • Overview of Tungsten
  • Tungsten's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Tungsten
  • Chemical Properties of Tungsten
  • Physical Properties of Tungsten
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Tungsten Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Tungsten Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Tungsten

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molarity, Molality and Normality
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Tungsten – W. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2008. Accessed on-line: 5/9/2008
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/W.html
.