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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Zinc – Zn

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Zinc is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Zinc. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Zinc Menu

• Zinc Page One
  • Overview of Zinc
  • Zinc's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Zinc
  • Chemical Properties of Zinc
  • Physical Properties of Zinc
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Zinc Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Zinc Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Zinc

Overview of Zinc

• Atomic Number:30
• Group: 12
• Period: 4
• Series: Transition Metals

Zinc's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Zincum
• Czech: Zinek
• Croatian: Cink
• French: Zinc
• German: Zink - r
• Italian: Zinco
• Norwegian: Sink
• Portuguese: Zinco
• Russian:
• Spanish: Zinc
• Swedish: Zink

Atomic Structure of Zinc

• Atomic Radius: 1.53Å
• Atomic Volume: 9.2cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.25Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 1.11
• Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.74Å
• Filling Orbital: 3d¹⁰
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 30
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 35
• Number of Protons: 30
• Oxidation States: 2
• Valence Electrons: 4s²

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Zinc

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.22g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.33eV
• Electronegativity: 1.65 (Pauling); 1.66 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 7.322kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 9.394
  • Second: 17.964
  • Third: 39.722
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 38.9

Physical Properties of Zinc

• Atomic Mass Average: 65.39
• Boiling Point: 1180K 907°C 1665°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 25E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.166 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 1.16 W/cmK

• Density: 7.13g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Hard, brittle, shiny bluish-white transition metal.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 69.4/GPa
  • Rigidity: 41.9/GPa
  • Youngs: 104.5/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 129.7 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 7.32 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 115.5 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 412 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 2.5
• Heat of Vaporization: 115.3kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 692.88K 419.73°C 787.51°F
  
• Molar Volume: 9.16 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 80%
• Optical Refractive Index: 1.00205
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.39J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 19.2Pa@419.73°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-66-6
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 7
  • Bone/p.p.m: 75-170
  • Liver/p.p.m: 240
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 240
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 5-40 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 2.3 g
• Discovery Year: Unknown
• Name Origin:

  German: zink (German for tin).

• Abundance of Zinc:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 75
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 0.00005
    • Atlantic Deep: 0.0001
    • Pacific Surface: 0.00005
    • Pacific Deep: 0.00052
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 28200
• Sources of Zinc:

  Found in the minerals zinc blende (sphalerite) (ZnS), calamine, franklinite, smithsonite (ZnCO₃), willemite, and zincite (ZnO). Annual world wide production is around 5,020,000 tons. Primary mining areas are USA, Canada, Australia, Austria, Russia and Turkey.

• Uses of Zinc:

  Used to coat other metals (galvanizing) to protect them from rusting. Used in alloys such as brass, bronze, nickel. Also in solder, cosmetics and pigments.

• Additional Notes:

  Many sources of European origins credit Andreas Marggraf with discovering zink in 1746, however, it had been know in India and China since before the 1500s.

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Zinc Menu

• Zinc Page One
  • Overview of Zinc
  • Zinc's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Zinc
  • Chemical Properties of Zinc
  • Physical Properties of Zinc
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Zinc Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Zinc Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Zinc

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
  Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
• Molarity, Molality and Normality
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Zinc – Zn. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2009. Accessed on-line: 11/20/2009
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Zn.html
.