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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Barium - Ba

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Barium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Barium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Barium Menu

• Barium Page One
  • Overview of Barium
  • Barium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Barium
  • Chemical Properties of Barium
  • Physical Properties of Barium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Barium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Barium Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Barium

Overview of Barium

• Atomic Number: 56
• Group: 2
• Period: 6
• Series: Alkali Earth Metals

Barium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Baryum
• Czech: Baryum
• Croatian: Barij
• French: Baryum
• German: Barium - s
• Italian: Bario
• Norwegian: Barium
• Portuguese: Bário
• Russian: Барий
• Spanish: Bario
• Swedish: Barium

Atomic Structure of Barium

• Atomic Radius: 2.78Å
• Atomic Volume: 39.24cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.98Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σ_a/barns: 1.3
• Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s²p⁶ 6s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,18,8,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 1.35Å
• Filling Orbital: 6s²
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 56
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 81
• Number of Protons: 56
• Oxidation States: 2
• Valence Electrons: 6s²

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Barium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 2.5621g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 2.7eV
• Electronegativity: 0.89 (Pauling); 0.97 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 7.75kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 5.212
  • Second: 10.004
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 21.3

Physical Properties of Barium

• Atomic Mass Average: 137.327
• Boiling Point: 2171K 1898°C 3448°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 18.1E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.03 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 0.184 W/cmK

• Density: 3.59g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Soft heavy silver colored metal.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 9.6/GPa
  • Rigidity: 4.86/GPa
  • Youngs: 12.8/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 175.7 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 7.66 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 140 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Mohs: 1.25
• Heat of Vaporization: 142kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1002K 729°C 1344°F
• Molar Volume: 38.21 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.204J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 98Pa@729°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-39-3
• RTECS: CQ8370000
• NFPA 704
  • Health: 2
  • Fire: 2
  • Reactivity:
  • Special Hazard:
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.068
  • Bone/p.p.m: 3-70
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.04-1.2
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.09
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.6-1.7 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 22 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
• Discovery Location: London England
• Discovery Year: 1808
• Name Origin:

  Greek: barys (heavy or dense).

• Abundance of Barium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 500
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 0.0047
    • Atlantic Deep: 0.0093
    • Pacific Surface: 0.0047
    • Pacific Deep: 0.02
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 123
• Sources of Barium:

  Found in barytine (BaSO₄) and witherite (BaCO₃),never found in pure form due to its reactivity. Total annual world production estimated around 6,000,000 tons. Main mining areas are UK, Italy, Czech Republic, USA and Germany. Total world reserves estimated to be around 450,000,000 tons.

• Uses of Barium:

  Used in sparkplugs, vacuum tubes, fireworks, fluorescent lamps. Insoluble barium sulfate is used for body imaging.

• Additional Notes:

  Must be stored under kerosene to remain pure. Soluble barium salts are highly toxic.

Barium Menu

• Barium Page One
  • Overview of Barium
  • Barium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Barium
  • Chemical Properties of Barium
  • Physical Properties of Barium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Barium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Barium Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Barium

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

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• Chemical Database
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Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Barium - Ba. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2024. Accessed on-line: 12/21/2024
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ba.html
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