Periodic Table of Elements
Element Chlorine - Cl
Comprehensive data on the chemical element Chlorine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Chlorine. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.
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Overview of Chlorine
- Atomic Number: 17
- Group: 17
- Period: 3
- Series: Halogens
Chlorine's Name in Other Languages
- Latin: Chlorum
- Czech: Chlor
- Croatian: Klor
- French: Chlore
- German: Chlor - r
- Italian: Cloro
- Norwegian: Klor
- Portuguese: Clóro
- Russian: Хлор
- Spanish: Cloro
- Swedish: Klor
Atomic Structure of Chlorine
- Atomic Radius: 0.97Å
- Atomic Volume: 22.7cm3/mol
- Covalent Radius: 0.99Å
- Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σa/barns: 35.5
- Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
- Electron Configuration:
- 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p5
- Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,7
- Ionic Radius: 1.81Å
- Filling Orbital: 3p5
- Number of Electrons (with no charge): 17
- Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 18
- Number of Protons: 17
- Oxidation States: ±1,3,5,7
- Valence Electrons: 3s2p5
- Electron Dot Model
- Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Chlorine
- Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.3228g/amp-hr
- Electron Work Function:
- Electronegativity: 3.16 (Pauling); 2.83 (Allrod Rochow)
- Heat of Fusion: 3.203kJ/mol
- Incompatibilities:
- Reacts explosively or forms explosive compounds with many common substances such as acetylene, ether, turpentine, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrogen & finely divided metals.
- Ionization Potential
- Valence Electron Potential (-eV): -7.96
Physical Properties of Chlorine
- Atomic Mass Average: 35.4527
- Boiling Point: 239.25K -33.9°C -29°F
- Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: N/A
- Conductivity
- Electrical:
Thermal: 0.000089 W/cmK
- Electrical:
- Density: 3.214g/L @ 273K & 1atm
- Description:
- Yellow-green halogen gas.
- Elastic Modulus:
- Bulk: 1.1/GPa
- Enthalpy of Atomization: 121.8 kJ/mole @ 25°C
- Enthalpy of Fusion: 3.38 kJ/mole
- Enthalpy of Vaporization: 10.21 kJ/mole
- Flammablity Class: Non-flammable gas (strong oxidizer)
- Freezing Point: see melting point
- Heat of Vaporization: 10.2kJ/mol
- Melting Point: 172.31K -100.84°C -149.51°F
- Molar Volume: 18.7 cm3/mole
- Optical Refractive Index: 1.000773
- Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Gas
- Specific Heat: 0.48J/gK
- Vapor Pressure = 1300kPa
Regulatory / Health
- CAS Number
- 7782-50-5
- UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
- UN1017 / 124
- RTECS: F02100000
- NFPA 704
- Health:
- Fire:
- Reactivity:
- Special Hazard: OxidizerOSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- 1 ppm = 2.9mg/m3 @ 25°C & 1 atm
- Ceiling: 1 ppm
- OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
- NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
- Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Skin and/or eye contact
- Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
- Levels In Humans:
Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.- Blood/mg dm-3: 2890
- Bone/p.p.m: 900
- Liver/p.p.m: 3000-7200
- Muscle/p.p.m: 2000-5200
- Daily Dietary Intake: 3 - 6.5 g
- Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 95 g
Who / Where / When / How
- Discoverer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
- Discovery Location: Uppsala Sweden
- Discovery Year: 1774
- Name Origin:
- Greek: khlôros (green).
- Abundance of Chlorine:
- Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 130
- Seawater/p.p.m.: 18000
- Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
- Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 320000
- Sources of Chlorine:
- Never found in free form in nature. Salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is its most common compound. World wide production is around 168,000,000 tons per year. There are vast mining deposits in USA, Poland, Russia, Germany, China, India and Australia.
- Uses of Chlorine:
- Used in water purification, bleaches and in other compounds such as chloro fluorocarbons (CFC).
- Additional Notes:
- WARNING: Chlorine gas is extremely dangerous and Chlorine should NEVER be mixed with ammonia.
Chlorine Menu
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References
A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.
Related Resources
- Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms. - Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality. - Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations. - Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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