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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Erbium - Er

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Erbium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Erbium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Erbium Menu

• Erbium Page One
  • Overview of Erbium
  • Erbium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Erbium
  • Chemical Properties of Erbium
  • Physical Properties of Erbium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Erbium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

Overview of Erbium

• Atomic Number: 68
• Period: 6
• Series: Lanthanides

Erbium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Erbium
• Czech: Erbium
• Croatian: Erbij
• French: Erbium
• German: Erbium - s
• Italian: Erbio
• Norwegian: Erbium
• Portuguese: érbio
• Russian: Эрбий
• Spanish: érbio
• Swedish: Erbium

Atomic Structure of Erbium

• Atomic Radius: 2.45Å
• Atomic Volume: 18.4cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.57Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σ_a/barns: 160
• Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰f¹² 5s²p⁶ 6s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,30,8,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.881Å
• Filling Orbital: 4f¹²
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 68
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 99
• Number of Protons: 68
• Oxidation States: 3
• Valence Electrons: 4f¹² 6s²

Chemical Properties of Erbium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 2.0802g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function:
• Electronegativity: 1.24 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 19.9kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 6.101
  • Second: 11.929
  • Third: 22.739
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 49

Physical Properties of Erbium

• Atomic Mass Average: 167.26
• Boiling Point: 3136K 2863°C 5185°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 9.2E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.0117 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 0.143 W/cmK

• Density: 9.07g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  A grayish-silver rare earth metal that slowly tarnishes in air.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 44.4/GPa
  • Rigidity: 28.3/GPa
  • Youngs: 69.9/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 314 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 17.2 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 261 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 814 MN m^-2
  • Vickers: 589 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 261kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1795K 1522°C 2772°F
• Molar Volume: 18.45 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.17J/gK

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-52-0
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: n/a
  • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
  • Liver/p.p.m: n/a
  • Muscle/p.p.m: n/a
  • Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: n/a
• Discovery Year: 1842
• Name Origin:

  From Ytterby, Sweden.

• Abundance of Erbium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 3.8
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 5.9E-07
    • Atlantic Deep: 8.6E-07
    • Pacific Surface: N/A
    • Pacific Deep: N/A
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 5.8
• Sources of Erbium:

  Found with other heavier rare earths. Around 500 tons are produced world wide annually. Primary minining areas are USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka and Australia.

• Uses of Erbium:

  Erbium oxide is used in ceramics to obtain a pink glaze. Also used to make infrared-absorbing glass and in alloys with titanium.

• Additional Notes:

Erbium Menu

• Erbium Page One
  • Overview of Erbium
  • Erbium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Erbium
  • Chemical Properties of Erbium
  • Physical Properties of Erbium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Erbium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molarity, Molality and Normality
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
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• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Erbium - Er. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2024. Accessed on-line: 12/21/2024
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Er.html
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