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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Fluorine - F

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Fluorine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Fluorine. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Fluorine Menu

• Fluorine Page One
  • Overview of Fluorine
  • Fluorine's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Fluorine
  • Chemical Properties of Fluorine
  • Physical Properties of Fluorine
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Fluorine Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Fluorine Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Fluorine

Overview of Fluorine

• Atomic Number: 9
• Group: 17
• Period: 2
• Series: Halogens

Fluorine's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Fluorum
• Czech: Fluor
• Croatian: Fluor
• French: Fluor
• German: Fluor - r
• Italian: Fluoro
• Norwegian: Fluor
• Portuguese: Flúor
• Russian: Фтор
• Spanish: Flúor
• Swedish: Fluor

Atomic Structure of Fluorine

• Atomic Radius: 0.57Å
• Atomic Volume: 17.1cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 0.72Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σ_a/barns: 0.0096
• Crystal Structure: Cubic

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁵

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,7

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 1.33Å
• Filling Orbital: 2p⁵
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 9
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 10
• Number of Protons: 9
• Oxidation States: -1
• Valence Electrons: 2s²p⁵

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Fluorine

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.70883g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function:
• Electronegativity: 3.98 (Pauling); 4.1 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 0.2552kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Water, nitric acid, oxidizers, organic compounds

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 17.422
  • Second: 34.97
  • Third: 62.707
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): -10.1

Physical Properties of Fluorine

• Atomic Mass Average: 18.9984
• Boiling Point: 85.1K -188.05°C -306.49°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: N/A
• Conductivity

  Electrical:
  Thermal: 0.000279 W/cmK

• Density: 1.696g/L @ 273K & 1atm
• Description:

  Greenish-yellow gas of the Halogen family

• Enthalpy of Atomization: 79.08 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 0.26 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 3.31 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-flammable gas (extreme oxidizer)
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Heat of Vaporization: 3.2698kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 53.63K -219.52°C -363.14°F
• Molar Volume: 17.1 cm³/mole
• Optical Refractive Index: 1.000195
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Gas
• Realitive Gas Density (Air=1) = 1.31
• Specific Heat: 0.82J/gK

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7782-41-4 cryogenic liquid
• UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
  • 1045  / 124 compressed
  • 9192  / 167 cryogenic liquid
• RTECS: LM6475000
• NFPA 704
  • Health:
  • Fire:
  • Reactivity:
  • Special Hazard: OxidizerOSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
    • 1 ppm = 1.55mg/m³ @ 25°C & 1 atm
    • TWA: 0.1 ppm
  • OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
    • TWA: 0.1 ppm
  • NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
    • TWA: 0.1 ppm
    • IDLH: 25 ppm
  • Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Skin and/or eye contact
  • Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys
  • Levels In Humans:
    Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
    • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.5
    • Bone/p.p.m: 2000-12,000
    • Liver/p.p.m: 0.22-7
    • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.05
    • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.3-0.5 mg
    • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 2.6 g

  Who / Where / When / How

  • Discoverer: Henri Moissan
  • Discovery Location: Paris France
  • Discovery Year: 1886
  • Name Origin:

    Latin: fluo (flow).

  • Abundance of Fluorine:
    • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 950
    • Seawater/p.p.m.:
      • Atlantic Suface: 0.0001
      • Atlantic Deep: 0.000096
      • Pacific Surface: 0.0001
      • Pacific Deep: 0.00004
    • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
    • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 0.000363
  • Sources of Fluorine:

    Found in the minerals fluorite (CaF₂) and cryolite (Na₂AlF₆). Around 2,400 tons of fluorine gas and 4,700,000 tons of fluorite are produced each year. Primary mining areas are Canada, USA, UK, Russia, Mexico and Italy.

  • Uses of Fluorine:

    Combines more readily than any other element. Used in refrigerants and other chloro fluorocarbons. Also in toothpaste as sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF₂); also in Teflon.

  • Additional Notes:

    Fluorine gas is highly toxic and corrosive. Even exposure to low concentrations causes lung and eye irritation. Metal fluorides are also very toxic while organic fluorides are often quite harmless.

  Fluorine Menu

  • Fluorine Page One
    • Overview of Fluorine
    • Fluorine's Name in Other Languages
    • Atomic Structure of Fluorine
    • Chemical Properties of Fluorine
    • Physical Properties of Fluorine
    • Regulatory / Health
    • Who/When/Where/How
  • Fluorine Page Two
    • Nuclides / Isotopes
    • Potential Parent Nuclides
  • Fluorine Page Three
    • Common Chemical Compounds of Fluorine

  References

  A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

  Related Resources

  • Anatomy of the Atom
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  • Molarity, Molality and Normality
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  • Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
    Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
  • Chemical Database
    This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

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