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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Gallium - Ga

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Gallium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Gallium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Gallium Menu

• Gallium Page One
  • Overview of Gallium
  • Gallium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Gallium
  • Chemical Properties of Gallium
  • Physical Properties of Gallium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Gallium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

Overview of Gallium

• Atomic Number: 31
• Group: 13
• Period: 4
• Series: Metals

Gallium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Gallium
• Czech: Gallium
• Croatian: Galij
• French: Gallium
• German: Gallium - r
• Italian: Gallio
• Norwegian: Gallium
• Portuguese: Gálio
• Russian: Галий
• Spanish: Galio
• Swedish: Gallium

Atomic Structure of Gallium

• Atomic Radius: 1.81Å
• Atomic Volume: 11.8cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.26Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σ_a/barns: 2.9
• Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p¹

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,3

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.62Å
• Filling Orbital: 4p¹
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 31
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 39
• Number of Protons: 31
• Oxidation States: 3
• Valence Electrons: 4s²p¹

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Gallium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.8671g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.2eV
• Electronegativity: 1.81 (Pauling); 1.82 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 5.59kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 5.999
  • Second: 20.51
  • Third: 30.71
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 69.7

Physical Properties of Gallium

• Atomic Mass Average: 69.723
• Boiling Point: 2676K 2403°C 4357°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: N/A
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.0678 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 0.406 W/cmK

• Density: 5.907g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Soft silver-white metal. Properties similar to aluminum.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Rigidity: 6.67/GPa
  • Youngs: 9.81/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 276.1 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 5.59 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 256.1 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class:
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 60 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 1.5
• Heat of Vaporization: 258.7kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 303.05K 29.9°C 85.8°F
• Molar Volume: 11.44 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.37J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 9.31E-36Pa@29.9°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-55-3
• RTECS: LW8600000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • No limits set by OSHA
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • No limits set by NIOSH
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: <0.08
  • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.0025
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.0014
  • Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: <0.7mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Paul émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
• Discovery Location: Paris France
• Discovery Year: 1875
• Name Origin:

  Latin: Gallia old name of France (Gaule).

• Abundance of Gallium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 18
  • Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.00003
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 631
• Sources of Gallium:

  Found throughout the crust in minerals like bauxite, germanite and coal. Is produced as a by-product of zinc and copper refining. Around 30 tons per year are produced world wide.

• Uses of Gallium:

  Used in semiconductor production, quartz thermometers, laser diodes and used to locate tumors.

• Additional Notes:

  Coefficient of linear thermal expansion/K^-1: a axis 11.5E^-6; b axis 31.5E^-6; c axis 16.5E^-6

Gallium Menu

• Gallium Page One
  • Overview of Gallium
  • Gallium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Gallium
  • Chemical Properties of Gallium
  • Physical Properties of Gallium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Gallium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

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• Anatomy of the Atom
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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
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• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

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Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Gallium - Ga. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2024. Accessed on-line: 4/20/2024
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ga.html
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