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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Manganese - Mn

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Manganese is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Manganese. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Manganese Menu

• Manganese Page One
  • Overview of Manganese
  • Manganese's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Manganese
  • Chemical Properties of Manganese
  • Physical Properties of Manganese
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Manganese Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Manganese Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Manganese

Overview of Manganese

• Atomic Number: 25
• Group: 7
• Period: 4
• Series: Transition Metals

Manganese's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Manganum
• Czech: Mangan
• Croatian: Mangan
• French: Manganese
• German: Mangan - r
• Italian: Manganese
• Norwegian: Mangan
• Portuguese: Manganês
• Russian: Марганец
• Spanish: Manganesio
• Swedish: Mangan

Atomic Structure of Manganese

• Atomic Radius: 1.79Å
• Atomic Volume: 1.39cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.17Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) σ_a/barns: 13.3
• Crystal Structure: Cubic body centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d⁵ 4s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,13,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.46Å
• Filling Orbital: 3d⁵
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 25
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 30
• Number of Protons: 25
• Oxidation States: 7,6,4,2,3
• Valence Electrons: 3d⁵ 4s²

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Manganese

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.29282g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.1eV
• Electronegativity: 1.55 (Pauling); 1.6 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 12.05kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Oxidizers

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 7.435
  • Second: 15.64
  • Third: 33.667
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 220

Physical Properties of Manganese

• Atomic Mass Average: 54.93805
• Boiling Point: 2235K 1962°C 3564°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 22E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.00695 10⁶/cm Ω
  Thermal: 0.0782 W/cmK

• Density: 7.43g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Silver-gray transition metal with a pinkish tinge.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 120/GPa
  • Rigidity: 79.5/GPa
  • Youngs: 191/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 280.3 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 14.64 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 219.7 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Metal: Combustible Solid
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 196 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 6
• Heat of Vaporization: 226kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1517K 1244°C 2271°F
• Molar Volume: 7.35 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.48J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 121Pa@1244°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7439-96-5
• RTECS: 009275000 (metal)
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • Ceiling: 5 mg/m³
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 1 mg/m³
  • Ceiling: 5 mg/m³
  • STEL: 3 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 1 mg/m³
  • STEL: 3 mg/m³
  • IDLH: 500 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion
• Target Organs: Respiratory system, central nervous system, blood, kidneys
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.0016-0.075
  • Bone/p.p.m: 0.2-100
  • Liver/p.p.m: 3.6-9.6
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.2-2.3
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.4-10 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 12 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Johann G. Gahn
• Discovery Location: Stockholm Sweden
• Discovery Year: 1774
• Name Origin:

  Latin: mangnes (magnet); Ital. manganese.

• Abundance of Manganese:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 950
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 0.0001
    • Atlantic Deep: 0.000096
    • Pacific Surface: 0.0001
    • Pacific Deep: 0.00004
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 2.63
• Sources of Manganese:

  Most abundant ores are pyrolusite (MnO₂), psilomelane [(BaH₂O)₂Mn₅O₁₀] and rhodochrosite (MnCO₃). Annual world production is around 6,220,000 tons. Primary mining areas are South Africa, Russia, Gabon, Australia, Brazil.

• Uses of Manganese:

  Used in steel, batteries, axles, rail switches, safes, plows and ceramics.

• Additional Notes:

Manganese Menu

• Manganese Page One
  • Overview of Manganese
  • Manganese's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Manganese
  • Chemical Properties of Manganese
  • Physical Properties of Manganese
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Manganese Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Manganese Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Manganese

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
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• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

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Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Manganese - Mn. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2024. Accessed on-line: 12/21/2024
https://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Mn.html
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