Periodic Table of Elements
Element Neptunium - Np
Comprehensive data on the chemical element Neptunium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Neptunium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.
Neptunium Menu
- Neptunium Page One
- Neptunium Page Two
Overview of Neptunium
- Atomic Number: 93
- Period: 7
- Series: Actinides
Neptunium's Name in Other Languages
- Latin: Neptunium
- Czech: Neptunium
- Croatian: Neptunij
- French: Neptunium
- German: Neptunium - s
- Italian: Nettunio
- Norwegian: Neptunium
- Portuguese: Neptúnio
- Russian: Нептуний
- Spanish: Neptunio
- Swedish: Neptunium
Atomic Structure of Neptunium
- Atomic Radius:
- Atomic Volume: 11.62cm3/mol
- Covalent Radius:
- Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) σa/barns: 180
- Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
- Electron Configuration:
- 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p6d10f14 5s2p6d10f4 6s2p6d1 7s2
- Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,22,9,2
- Ionic Radius: 0.75Å
- Filling Orbital: 5f4
- Number of Electrons (with no charge): 93
- Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 144
- Number of Protons: 93
- Oxidation States: 6,5,4,3
- Valence Electrons: 5f4 6d1 7s2
- Electron Dot Model
- Electron Dot Model
Chemical Properties of Neptunium
- Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.7689g/amp-hr
- Electron Work Function:
- Electronegativity: 1.36 (Pauling); 1.22 (Allrod Rochow)
- Heat of Fusion: 5.19kJ/mol
- Incompatibilities:
- Ionization Potential
- First: 6.19
- Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 96
Physical Properties of Neptunium
- Atomic Mass Average: 237.0482
- Boiling Point: 4175K 3902°C 7056°F
- Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 27.5E-6
- Conductivity
- Electrical: 0.00822 106/cm Ω
Thermal: 0.063 W/cmK
- Electrical: 0.00822 106/cm Ω
- Density: 20.2g/cc @ 300K
- Description:
- A radioactive silvery metal that occurs naturally in uranium ores but in extremely minute amounts.
- Enthalpy of Fusion: 3.2 kJ/mole
- Flammablity Class:
- Freezing Point: see melting point
- Heat of Vaporization: kJ/mol
- Melting Point: 913K 640°C 1184°F
- Molar Volume: 11.59 cm3/mole
- Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
- Specific Heat: 0.12J/gK
Regulatory / Health
- CAS Number
- 7439-99-8
- NFPA 704
- Health:
- Fire:
- Reactivity:
- Special Hazard: Radioactive<
- OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
- No limits set by OSHA
- OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
- No limits set by OSHA
- NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
- No limits set by NIOSH
- Levels In Humans:
Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.- Blood/mg dm-3: nil
- Bone/p.p.m: nil
- Liver/p.p.m: nil
- Muscle/p.p.m: nil
- Daily Dietary Intake: nil
- Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: nil
Who / Where / When / How
- Discoverer: Edwin M. McMillan, Philip H. Abelson
- Discovery Location: Berkeley California United States
- Discovery Year: 1940
- Name Origin:
- From planet Neptune.
- Abundance of Neptunium:
- Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: N/A
- Seawater/p.p.m.: nil
- Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
- Sun (Relative to H=1E12): N/A
- Sources of Neptunium:
- Produced by bombarding uranium with slow neutrons. Neptunium is present in extremely small quantitles in Uranium ores and is created when a neutron that is emitted by one uranium atom undergoing fission is captured in the nucleus of another uranium atom. Although it is present in uranium rich ores, it is not extracted from this source.
- Uses of Neptunium:
- Used in neutron detection instruments.
- Additional Notes:
- Normally neptunium is never encountered outside of nuclear facilities and nuclear research facilities.
Neptunium Menu
- Neptunium Page One
- Neptunium Page Two
References
A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.
Related Resources
- Anatomy of the Atom
Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms. - Molarity, Molality and Normality
Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality. - Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations. - Chemical Database
This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.
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