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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Titanium - Ti

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Titanium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Titanium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

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Overview of Titanium

Titanium's Name in Other Languages

  • Latin: Titanium
  • Czech: Titan
  • Croatian: Titanij
  • French: Titane
  • German: Titan - r
  • Italian: Titanio
  • Norwegian: Titan
  • Portuguese: Titânio
  • Russian: Титан
  • Spanish: Titanio
  • Swedish: Titan

Atomic Structure of Titanium

Chemical Properties of Titanium

Physical Properties of Titanium

  • Atomic Mass Average: 47.88
  • Boiling Point: 3560K 3287°C 5949°F
  • Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 8.35E-6
  • Conductivity
    Electrical: 0.0234 106/cm Ω
    Thermal: 0.219 W/cmK
  • Density: 4.54g/cc @ 300K
  • Description:
    Pure titanium is a lustrous white metal, as strong as steel, 45% lighter than steel and 60% heavier than aluminum.
  • Elastic Modulus:
    • Bulk: 108.4/GPa
    • Rigidity: 45.6/GPa
    • Youngs: 120.2/GPa
  • Enthalpy of Atomization: 468.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
  • Enthalpy of Fusion: 15.48 kJ/mole
  • Enthalpy of Vaporization: 429 kJ/mole
  • Flammablity Class:
  • Freezing Point: see melting point
  • Hardness Scale
    • Brinell: 716 MN m-2
    • Mohs: 6
    • Vickers: 970 MN m-2
  • Heat of Vaporization: 421kJ/mol
  • Melting Point: 1933K 1660°C 3020°F
  • Molar Volume: 10.64 cm3/mole
  • Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
  • Specific Heat: 0.52J/gK
  • Vapor Pressure = 0.49Pa@1660°C

Regulatory / Health

  • CAS Number
    • 7440-32-6
  • OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
    • No limits set by OSHA
  • OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
    • No limits set by OSHA
  • NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
    • No limits set by NIOSH
  • Levels In Humans:
    Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
    • Blood/mg dm-3: 0.054
    • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
    • Liver/p.p.m: 1.2-4.7
    • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.9-2.2
    • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.8 mg
    • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 20 mg
  • Discovery Year: 1791
  • Name Origin:
    Greek mythology: titanos (Titans), the sons of the Earth goddess.
  • Abundance of Titanium:
    • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 5600
    • Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.00048
    • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
    • Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 112000
  • Sources of Titanium:
    Usually occurs in the minerals ilmenite (FeTiO3) or rutile (TiO2). Also in Titaniferous magnetite, titanite (CaTiSiO5), and iron ores. Annually world wide production is around 99,000 tons. Primary mining areas are Norway, India, Brazil, canada, USA, Russia.
  • Uses of Titanium:
    Since it is strong and resists acids it is used in many alloys. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment that covers surfaces very well, is used in paint, rubber, paper and many other materials. Also used in heat exchangers, airplane motors, bone pins and other things requiring light weight metals or metals that resist corrosion or high temperatures. Titanium oxide is used extensively in paints.
  • Additional Notes:
    Titanium is Latin and refers to the Titans, the first sons of the earth in Mythology. It was discovered by Gregor in 1791, then independantly discovered by M.H. Klaproth in 1795 in Berlin Germany. This element was named by Klaproth. It was nearly a hundred years later (1887) when impure titanium was first prepared by Nilson and Pettersson. About 20 years later Hunter heated Titanium Chloride TiCl4 with sodium in a steel bomb and isolated 99.6% pure titanium. It is the ninth most abundant element in the earth's crust and is also found in meteorites and in the sun. It is found in the ash of coal, in plants and even in the human body. It occurs in the minerals rutile, ilmenite and sphene.

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References

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